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//The glittering nightscape of Shenzhen’s Nanshan district. (PROVIDED TO CHINA DAILY)

Walking along the 25-kilometer-long Shennan Boulevard — one of Shenzhen’s major arterial thoroughfares — takes Wang Guofu down memory lane. With the cityscape unfolding before him, he reminisces about its remarkable transformation, recalling how his fate has been intertwined with the metropolis in its 45-year-long history as one of China’s pioneering special economic zones (SEZs).

行駛在全長(zhǎng)25.6公里的深南大道上，王國(guó)富的思緒不禁飄回過(guò)去。眼前不斷鋪展的城市風(fēng)貌，讓他回憶起深圳45年來(lái)的驚人蛻變，也想起自己的命運(yùn)如何與這座中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的發(fā)展緊密交織。

The 58-year-old factory worker left his hometown in Shangrao — a city in eastern Jiangxi province — in search of greener pastures in Shenzhen in 1992 following in the footsteps of an adventurous friend.

1992年，這位58歲的工廠工人在朋友的介紹之下離開(kāi)江西上饒，來(lái)到深圳尋找更好的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。

“I knew next to nothing about Shenzhen at the time,” says Wang. “All I knew was that it’s near Hong Kong and that, as my friend put it, Shenzhen was a place to seek a fortune.”

“那時(shí)候我對(duì)深圳幾乎一無(wú)所知，” 王國(guó)富說(shuō)。“只知道它離香港近，并且是個(gè)能‘淘金’的地方。”

After setting foot in the southern town in Guangdong province, he realized it was far more than that. “In Shenzhen, everyone worked with energy and drive. It was like they were building their homes,” he says.

但踏上這片廣東南部的土地后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這里遠(yuǎn)不止于此：“在深圳，每個(gè)人工作都充滿干勁，就像在建設(shè)自己的家一樣?！?/p>

Shenzhen’s inherent spirit of entrepreneurship and inclusiveness emboldened Wang’s resolve to bring his family and settle down there. Today, his daughter works at a financial technology firm in the city. “I’m fortunate that my family has been able to grow up together with Shenzhen,” he says.

深圳與生俱來(lái)的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神與包容氛圍，讓王國(guó)富下定決心接來(lái)家人、在此定居。如今，他的女兒在深圳一家金融科技公司工作。“很幸運(yùn)，我的家人能和深圳一起成長(zhǎng)?！?/p>

Wang’s story is woven into the tapestry of tens of thousands of workers who have contributed to Shenzhen’s early development as one of the country’s first four SEZs, and whose second generation has moved on to sink their roots into the city, continuing to contribute to its growth.

王國(guó)富的故事，是無(wú)數(shù)勞動(dòng)者共同經(jīng)歷的縮影。作為中國(guó)首批四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)之一，深圳早期發(fā)展離不開(kāi)數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)勞動(dòng)者的付出；如今，他們的下一代在此扎根，繼續(xù)為城市發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。

The vast opportunities Shenzhen has created for generations of Chinese residents mirror the boomtown’s dramatic industrial evolution and shifting identity over time. In the 1980s and early 1990s, manufacturing, construction and trade were the lifeblood of Shenzhen’s economy. Leveraging its proximity to Hong Kong, along with low land and labor costs, Shenzhen thrived on processing trade — a model that propelled rapid growth, but left it lingering at the lower end of the global value chain, with local workers reaping only a small share of the gains.

深圳為一代又一代中國(guó)人創(chuàng)造的廣闊機(jī)遇，也映射出這座“機(jī)遇之城” 產(chǎn)業(yè)的劇烈變革與城市定位的迭代升級(jí)。20世紀(jì)80年代至90年代初，制造業(yè)、建筑業(yè)和貿(mào)易是深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱。憑借毗鄰香港的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)，以及低廉的土地和勞動(dòng)力成本，深圳通過(guò)加工貿(mào)易實(shí)現(xiàn)快速發(fā)展 —— 但這種模式也讓深圳長(zhǎng)期處于全球價(jià)值鏈低端，本地勞動(dòng)者的收益十分有限。

According to official statistics, the value of processing trade in Shenzhen accounted for roughly 72 percent of the city’s total export value and 76 percent of total import value in 1990. The number of processing trade-related enterprises surged to almost 8,000 in 1994, with some 1 million people employed in the sector, including Wang.

根據(jù)官方統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，1990年深圳加工貿(mào)易額占全市出口總額的比重約為72%，占全市進(jìn)口總額的比重約為76%。1994年，加工貿(mào)易相關(guān)企業(yè)增至近8000家，該領(lǐng)域就業(yè)人數(shù)約100萬(wàn)。王國(guó)富便是其中之一。

Today, the land of opportunity has grown hand in hand with Shenzhen’s meteoric rise as a hub for finance, technology and innovation. It is home to over 25,000 national-level high-tech enterprises, including tech giants Huawei, Tencent and DJI. The number of international patent applications made through the Patent Cooperation Treaty in Shenzhen has topped Chinese mainland cities for 21 consecutive years.

如今，隨著深圳躍升為金融、科技與創(chuàng)新中心，這片“機(jī)遇之地” 也隨之不斷發(fā)展。目前，深圳擁有超過(guò)2.5萬(wàn)家國(guó)家級(jí)高新技術(shù)企業(yè)，包括華為、騰訊、大疆等科技巨頭；PCT國(guó)際專利申請(qǐng)量連續(xù)21年居全國(guó)首位。

The transformation reflects a broader trend in Shenzhen, where emphasis has shifted from labor-intensive industries to knowledge-driven sectors. The evolution has also redefined the SEZ’s identity, shifting it from the “world’s factory” to a “cradle of innovation”.

這種轉(zhuǎn)變印證了深圳發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)——城市重心從勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向知識(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)型產(chǎn)業(yè)。這一演進(jìn)也重塑了經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的定位—— 從 “世界工廠” 蛻變?yōu)?“創(chuàng)新?lián)u籃”。

Like many other people of her age, the younger Wang found her footing in the new ecosystem. “The older generation was chasing fortune. We, the younger generation, are chasing something bigger — changing the way people live, just like Shenzhen has changed ours,” she says.

和許多同齡人一樣，王國(guó)富的女兒在新的產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)中找到了自己的位置?！案篙厒儺?dāng)年是為了‘淘金’，我們這一代則在追求更有意義的事 —— 改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞?，就像深圳改變了我們的生活一樣?！?/p>

//The contrasting views of Shenzhen’s Luohu district in 1985 and in the present day illustrate the city’s profound transformation. (LIU TINGFANG AND LUO XUAN / FOR CHINA DAILY)

City of opportunities 機(jī)會(huì)之城

Shi Kun, director of the department of regional development and planning at Shenzhen-based think tank the China Development Institute, says, “When it comes to Shenzhen providing development opportunities for workers of different eras, the greatest chance lies in industrial opportunities. In other words, workers who come to Shenzhen can find jobs and earn money — this is the most fundamental aspect, which requires the development of industries that keep pace with the times.

綜合開(kāi)發(fā)研究院（中國(guó)·深圳）區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃所所長(zhǎng)時(shí)鯤表示，深圳為不同時(shí)代的勞動(dòng)者所提供的最大機(jī)遇在于產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)遇?！皝?lái)深圳的人能找到工作、賺到錢，這是最根本的，而這需要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展作為支撐?！?/p>

“Beyond this, Shenzhen now also places great emphasis on supporting facilities, particularly comprehensive cultural, educational and healthcare support for knowledge-intensive talents,” he adds.

“除此之外，深圳現(xiàn)在也非常重視配套設(shè)施建設(shè)，尤其是為知識(shí)密集型人才提供全方位的文化、教育和醫(yī)療保障?！?/p>

There is also a fundamental urban culture in the city that underpins the provision of opportunities for workers, according to Shi. “Shenzhen has a well-known saying: ‘Once you come, you are a Shenzhen local.’ This saying actually embodies the positive cycle of mutual success between the city and individuals,” he says.

Since Shenzhen’s birth as an SEZ in 1980, its name has been synonymous with “economic miracle”, with its GDP having skyrocketed from 270 million yuan ($37.58 million) in 1980 to 3.68 trillion yuan last year, roughly equivalent to the economic size of the United Arab Emirates.

支撐深圳為勞動(dòng)者提供機(jī)遇的，還有其獨(dú)特的城市文化根基?！吧钲谟芯鋸V為人知的話：‘來(lái)了就是深圳人’。這句話其實(shí)體現(xiàn)了城市與個(gè)人相互成就的良性循環(huán)，”他補(bǔ)充道。 自1980年成為經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)以來(lái)，“深圳” 一詞數(shù)十年來(lái)始終與 “經(jīng)濟(jì)奇跡” 緊密相連：1980年，深圳地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）僅 2.7億元。去年，這一數(shù)字已攀升至3.68萬(wàn)億元。

Behind Shenzhen’s economic boom lies its bold drive for institutional innovation. As a trailblazer of China’s reform and opening-up, the city has blazed an unprecedented path — one that offers a replicable template for the rest of the nation.

深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛的背后，是其大膽推進(jìn)制度創(chuàng)新的決心。作為中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的“試驗(yàn)田”，深圳走出了一條前所未有的發(fā)展道路，為全國(guó)提供了可復(fù)制、可推廣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Shenzhen’s astonishing shift from a tiny fishing village to a world technology hub in the past four-and-a-half decades testifies to China’s landmark reform and opening-up drive, shaped by domestic imperatives, as well as international opportunities, says Tao Yitao, former director of the China Center for Special Economic Zone Research at Shenzhen University.

深圳大學(xué)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)研究中心前主任陶一桃表示，過(guò)去45年間，深圳從小漁村崛起為全球科技樞紐，這一驚人蛻變印證了中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的飛速進(jìn)程 —— 這一進(jìn)程既受國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展需求驅(qū)動(dòng)，也得益于國(guó)際機(jī)遇。

She recalls that the mainland’s economy was still budding in the late 1970s, with a broad consensus for change, and Shenzhen became a testing ground for bold experiments.

她回憶道，20世紀(jì)70年代末，中國(guó)內(nèi)地經(jīng)濟(jì)尚處于起步階段，全社會(huì)對(duì)改革形成廣泛共識(shí)，深圳由此成為大膽探索的 “試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)”。

Internationally, the 1970s saw global industrial transfer, with labor-intensive industries moving from Japan and Germany to the “Four Asian Tigers” — South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Shenzhen, leveraging its geographical proximity to Hong Kong and low labor and land costs, was a prime beneficiary. The establishment of Sino-US diplomatic ties in 1979 created a more favorable international environment for its development, says Tao, who is also dean of the Belt and Road Research Institute (Shenzhen) for International Cooperation and Development.

從國(guó)際環(huán)境來(lái)看，1970年代全球產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移浪潮中，勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)從日本、德國(guó)向韓國(guó)、新加坡、中國(guó)香港和中國(guó)臺(tái)灣這 “亞洲四小龍” 轉(zhuǎn)移。而深圳憑借毗鄰香港的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)，以及低廉的勞動(dòng)力和土地成本，成為這一浪潮的重要受益者。陶一桃指出，1979年中美建交也為深圳發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了更有利的國(guó)際環(huán)境。

“Although Shenzhen’s economic takeoff began with processing trade, it didn’t end up there. By the 1990s, the local authorities had recognized the limitations of low-end manufacturing and decided to pivot its economy toward high-tech, laying a solid ground for its current tech hub status,” she says.

“盡管深圳的經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛始于加工貿(mào)易，但并未止步于此。到1990年代，地方政府已意識(shí)到低端制造業(yè)的局限性，決定推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)向高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型，為如今的科技樞紐地位奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，” 她說(shuō)。

//The contrasting views of Shenzhen’s Luohu district in 1985 and in the present day illustrate the city’s profound transformation. (LIU TINGFANG AND LUO XUAN / FOR CHINA DAILY)

Creating new miracle 創(chuàng)造新的奇跡

To push Shenzhen toward assuming a greater role in the nation’s pursuit of high-quality development and deeper integration into the world economy, the central government issued a document in June to further deepen comprehensive reform and accelerate opening-up and innovation.The guideline outlined concrete steps to break through institutional barriers in education, technology and talent development, and strengthen the deep integration of innovation, industrial, capital and talent chains.It also serves as an updated version of a directive in 2020 that focused on supporting Shenzhen as a pilot area for implementing comprehensive reform.

為推動(dòng)深圳在國(guó)家高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和深度融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮更大作用，今年6月，中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳發(fā)布《關(guān)于深入推進(jìn)深圳綜合改革試點(diǎn)深化改革創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放的意見(jiàn)》，提出在破解教育科技人才領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制障礙、強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新鏈產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈資金鏈人才鏈深度融合等方面先行先試。這也是2020 年所發(fā)布的《深圳建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義先行示范區(qū)綜合改革試點(diǎn)實(shí)施方案（2020-2025年）》的升級(jí)版。

“The latest document has entrusted Shenzhen with new tasks and missions to advance reform, opening-up and innovative development at a higher starting point, on a higher level and with higher goals,” wrote a group of researchers at the China Development Institute.

“最新文件賦予深圳新的任務(wù)與使命，推動(dòng)其在更高起點(diǎn)、更高水平、更高目標(biāo)上推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展?！?綜合開(kāi)發(fā)研究院（中國(guó)·深圳）的研究人員在一篇文章中寫(xiě)道。

However, it has not been smooth sailing against a backdrop of mounting geopolitical tensions, rising protectionism and unilateralism.

然而，在當(dāng)前地緣政治局勢(shì)緊張、保護(hù)主義和單邊主義抬頭的背景下，深圳的發(fā)展并非一帆風(fēng)順。

“China-US trade frictions and global economic uncertainties pose serious challenges to Shenzhen’s economy, including mounting trade barriers, supply chain disruptions and tech restrictions. To offset the impact, the city needs to accelerate industrial upgrading, explore emerging markets engaged in the Belt and Road Initiative, and boost research and development to achieve tech self-reliance,” says Tao.

“中美貿(mào)易摩擦和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定性給深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)，包括貿(mào)易壁壘加劇、供應(yīng)鏈中斷、科技限制升級(jí)等?！?陶一桃強(qiáng)調(diào)，“為抵消這些影響，深圳需加快產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)，開(kāi)拓‘一帶一路’沿線新興市場(chǎng)，加大研發(fā)投入以實(shí)現(xiàn)科技自立自強(qiáng)?！?/p>

Shenzhen is pulling out all the stops to develop strategic emerging businesses and future industries as the answer to forging another “economic miracle” in the coming decades amid a volatile global landscape. It has launched policies to develop and bolster 20 strategic emerging sectors and nurture eight industries of the future.

深圳正全力以赴發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)，力求再創(chuàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)輝煌。目前，深圳已出臺(tái)政策，培育發(fā)展壯大“20 8”產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，即發(fā)展以先進(jìn)制造業(yè)為主體的20個(gè)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，前瞻布局8大未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)。

The strategic emerging sectors cover telecommunications, semiconductors, intelligent terminals and sensors, software, intelligent robots, precision instruments and equipment, new energy, intelligent connected vehicles, new materials, high-end medical equipment and biomedicine.Future industries will embrace synthetic biology, blockchain, cells and genes, space technology, brain science and brain-like intelligence, and quantum information.“With continued focus on technological innovation, Shenzhen is poised to take the lead in emerging sectors such as artificial intelligence, big data, new energy and biotechnology. Through deeper collaboration with Hong Kong, Shenzhen will work hand in glove with the special administrative region to become a global financial hub,” says Tao.

“只要持續(xù)聚焦科技創(chuàng)新，深圳有望在人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)、新能源、生物技術(shù)等新興領(lǐng)域占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位。通過(guò)與香港深化合作，深圳將與香港特別行政區(qū)攜手，共同打造全球金融樞紐?！?陶一桃表示。

Shi considers “innovation and globalization” as the two keywords defining Shenzhen’s next 45 years.

時(shí)鯤將“創(chuàng)新” 與 “全球化” 視為定義深圳未來(lái) 45 年發(fā)展的兩大關(guān)鍵詞。

“Shenzhen has basically achieved the status where people immediately associate it with sci-tech innovation when the city is mentioned. In the future, it can further strengthen and elevate this advantage to make it more prominent,” he says.

“現(xiàn)在提到深圳，人們基本都會(huì)立刻聯(lián)想到科技創(chuàng)新。未來(lái)，深圳可進(jìn)一步鞏固并提升這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，讓其更加突出?！?/p>

“As for globalization, it represents Shenzhen’s ability to gather global elements such as talent, goods and data. Moving forward, Shenzhen is poised to develop into a globalized international metropolis.”

“至于全球化，這體現(xiàn)了深圳匯聚全球人才、商品、數(shù)據(jù)等要素的能力。未來(lái)，深圳有望發(fā)展成為一座高度全球化的國(guó)際大都市?！?/p>

For the younger Wang, however, what drew her most to work and live in Shenzhen was not just its promising industry outlook but, more importantly, the profound sense of belonging the city fosters.

不過(guò)，對(duì)王國(guó)富的女兒而言，吸引她在深圳工作生活的，不僅是這座城市廣闊的產(chǎn)業(yè)前景，更重要的是其所營(yíng)造的強(qiáng)烈歸屬感。

“Shenzhen isn’t just a place of opportunity. It’s where I call home,” she says.

“深圳不只是一座機(jī)遇之城，更是我的家?！保ㄖ袊?guó)日?qǐng)?bào)記者 周沫）

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